tcpdump
tcpdump is very useful to debug network connections. Especially because it can capture packets before they hit the firewall.
example of dumping incoming traffic on interface ens19 and udp port 22821
tcpdump -Qin -ni ens19 udp port 22821
check dns traffic
tcpdump -n -s 1500 -i eth0 udp port 53
log dns queries / udp traffic
script -q -c "sudo tcpdump -l port 53 2>/dev/null | grep --line-buffered ' A? ' | cut -d' ' -f8" | tee dns.log
dump all traffic to destination and show as ascii
tcpdump -i eth0 host 10.98.252.49 -A
dump traffic on all interfaces from source
tcpdump -ni any src host 10.98.200.51
dump udp packets on to localhost
tcpdump -i lo -n udp port 2003 -A
traffic on inteface eth0 port 8125 and see ascii
tcpdump -i eth0 port 8125 -A